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Linux Server Managment
How do I switch from a ksh shell to bash on Linux or Unix system? How to change shells on Unix-like system?A shell is nothing but a command that provides a text-only user interface (also known as “command line interface”) for Linux, MacOS, and Unix-like operating systems. Bash shell read commands such as ls, date…
How do I install and enable Cockpit that makes GNU/Linux and RHEL 8 for web management purpose? How do I see and manage my RHEL 8 based server in a web browser and perform system tasks with a mouse?Introduction: The Cockpit is a free and open source web-based server management tool. By default, Cockpit comes…
I am a new sysadmin and RHEL 8 user. My system is configured to use DHCP. How can I switch from DHCP to a static IP address on RHEL 8 system? How do I setup a static TCP/IP address on my Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 server using command line option?Introduction: Network scripts deprecated in…
Both Linux and Unix provides various shell out of the box. One can find bash (Bourne Again shell), ksh (Korn shell), csh (C shell)/tcsh (TC shell), sh (Bourne shell) and more installed by default. However, how do you check which shell am I using? What is the best way to find out what shell I…
I am new to Linux shell scripting. I am using a CentOS 7 Linux and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server in the cloud. How do I check if a process is running or not on Linux? How do I determine whether a process is running or not in a shell script running on an Ubuntu server?Introduction:…
I have image.qcow2 file. How do I install the qcow2 image provided in the qcow2 format? How do I create Linux KVM VM from provided image (say image.qcow2) file?Introduction: qcow is nothing but a disk file format used by QEMU. qcow is an acronym for QEMU Copy On Write. There are two versions of the…
I am a new Linux and Unix-like operating system user. How do search and find words in Vi Vim? How can I find a Word in Vim or vi text editor?Introduction: Vi and vim is a text editor for Linux, macOS, Unix, and *BSD family of operating systems. Vim is a free and open source…
How do I list all currently running services in Fedora / RHEL / CentOS Linux server? How can I check the status of a service using systemd based CentOS/RHEL 7.x?There are various ways and tools to find and list all running services under a Fedora / RHEL / CentOS Linux systems. Red Hat / CentOS…
The Debian GNU/Linux project has released an updated version of its stable Linux distribution Debian 9 (“stretch”). You must upgrade to get corrections for security problem as this version made a few adjustments for the severe issue found in Debian version 9.5. Debian is a Unix-like (Linux distro) operating system and a distribution of Free…
How do I access my enterprise NAS server by mounting NFS filesystem onto my Mac OS X based system using GUI and command line based tools?Network File System (NFS), a distributed file system protocol developed by Sun Microsystems. NFS is the common for file sharing on NAS server and Linux / UNIX systems like, HP-UX,…
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is well known to set defaults across the industry. For example, RHEL pushed systemd so hard that all other Linux distro adopted for good or bad reasons. Now Red Hat announced that KDE Plasma Workspaces (KDE) been deprecated from RHEL 7.6 and all future version of RHEL. KDE has been deprecated…
The top 500 most powerful supercomputers on the planet run Linux operating system. Linux has a 100% market share of those machines and a large share of cloud computing, VMs, and bare metal market too. Obviously, developers and people who care about their privacy need Linux pre-installed so that they can get back to work…
FreeBSD is a free and open source operating system for many different kinds of computers. FreeBSD’s based upon BSD, the version of UNIX developed at the University of California, Berkeley. FreeBSD is an alternative to Linux or Windows-based system. You can run almost all apps written in Perl, Python, PHP and other programming languages. FreeBSD…
How do I install LXD container “hypervisor” to runs unmodified Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS Linux operating systems VM at incredible speed on a Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS server? How do I setup and use LXD on Ubuntu Linux server?LXD is lxc on steroids with strong security on the mind. LXD is not a rewrite of LXC. Under the…
I am a new Ubuntu Linux server system administrator. I need to upgrade or update a single package using apt-get command or apt command. How do I update a specific package in Ubuntu Linux? How do I upgrade a single package using apt-get?Introduction: By default when you run either ‘apt-get upgrade’ or ‘apt upgrade’, Ubuntu…
I am a new Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS cloud server user. By default my serer name to ‘localhost’ during installation but now I would like to change the computer name to ‘u1804-nixcraft’. Can you tell me how do I remove localhost and set it to u1804-nixcraft on Ubuntu 18.04 Linux? How do I change the…
How do I set advanced security options of the TCP/IP stack and virtual memory to improve the security and performance of my Linux based system? How do I configure Linux kernel to prevent certain kinds of attacks using /etc/sysctl.conf? How do I set Linux kernel parameters?sysctl is an interface that allows you to make changes…
I am a new Linux system user. How do I create a hard link in Linux / UNIX / Apple Mac OS X / BSD operating systems using the command line?Both Linux / UNIX allows the data of a file to have more than one name in separate places in the same file system. Such…
I want to run a shell script or other program immediately after my network interface goes up on a CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 server. I created /sbin/ifup-local, but it is not working on a CentOS 7 box but works perfectly on CentOS 6. I am using NetworkManager with CentOS 7. How do I run…
I am using GNU/Linux with the Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client. The dhclient, provides a means for configuring one or more network interfaces using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It also updates my /etc/resolv.conf file each time my laptop connects to the different network. I would like to keep my existing nameservers. How do I…