The space sector in New Zealand has experienced significant growth since its first rocket launch in 2017. It currently generates around NZ$1.7 billion in revenue, with plans to reach $10 billion by 2030.
New Zealand has become a popular destination for rocket launches, hosting seven last year, all conducted by the local company Rocket Lab. In response to Rocket Lab’s proposal for a launch site, New Zealand developed a regulatory system in less than two years to meet international obligations.
All countries launching objects into space must register them and ensure they do not cause damage or loss to other countries’ objects or activities. They also have a responsibility to prevent contamination and interference with other countries’ rights.
A review of New Zealand’s space legislation in 2020 found that it was generally suitable, but raised concerns about regulating new technologies such as satellite constellations and miniature satellites. This led to a consultation on the country’s space policy and aerospace strategy, with a particular focus on the issue of light pollution from space.
New Zealand’s space industry is primarily driven by commercial activity, with startups and privately-funded companies playing a significant role. However, there is growing awareness of the impact of light pollution on the environment, human health, and astronomy. Activities in space contribute to this issue, as every satellite placed into orbit increases the brightness of the night sky.
Light pollution is a concern for M?ori and other Indigenous communities, as their knowledge systems rely on unaided visual access to the stars. New Zealand has a national interest in addressing light pollution due to its bicultural foundation and recognition of M?ori’s unique relationship with the night sky.
Regulation and mitigation of light pollution are necessary to protect observational astronomy and Indigenous knowledge. New Zealand must consider the interests of other states in the exploration of outer space while balancing the economic value of the space industry. Efforts by private companies to mitigate the impact of their satellites have been limited, highlighting the need for stronger regulatory measures.
As New Zealand continues to develop its regulatory framework, it must prioritize the issue of light pollution. Indigenous voices are crucial in this process, as traditional astronomical knowledge is essential for the preservation and continuation of Indigenous knowledge.
